Process Safety Management and Human Factors Examination

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The purpose of Process Safety Management Systems is primarily to manage High Frequency, Low Consequence Incidents Low Frequency, High Consequence Incidents High Frequency, High Consequence Incidents Low Frequency, Low Consequence Incidents

A systematic review of processes to identify hazards, evaluate consequences and existing safeguards and recommend additional corrective and/or control measures (more commonly known as “HAZOP” in many Processing Companies) is the definition of Risk Assurance Management Systems (RAMS) Job Safety Task Analysis (JSTA) Process Hazard Analysis (PHA) Safety Integrity Level (SIL) Study

Which of the following is NOT part of Process Safety Management (PSM) Requires a blend of engineering and management skills Prevention or mitigation of catastrophic failures Applicable more to high-hazard industries Prevention of incidents causing injuries (and occupational illnesses) to individuals

Which of the following is NOT a desired benefit to compliance, standards and expectations of the implementation of Human Factors Improve incident Rates Reduce likelihood of human error situations Increase Stress levels in the workforce Establishing leading indicator, thus improving safety and operational Performance

Human Factors is primarily focused on Designing the system to meet the capabilities of humans than to try to change the human to meet the demands of a poorly designed system Re-designing the human beings’ approach to the interaction with systems Preparing a Management System that coordinates the human beings’ communication skills to improve safety Improving the response rates of human beings to emerging emergency and pre-incident situations

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An operator needs to ensure that a vessel is completely evacuated of reactants after every batch process is completed. To check that the vessel is empty (due to the level indicator often getting stuck and giving wrong readings) he generally opens a ¼ inch sampling valve right at the bottom to see if any product still exists. The reactants are hazardous This is an example of an error based on a mistake due to lack of training This is an example of a violation due to malicious intent of the operator This is an example of a situational violation This is an example of a routine violation

An operator who uses a checklist to aid them when they are undertaking a critical operation, would be a good example of a process to prevent A routine violation Breaking critical task procedures to avoid disciplinary action being undertaken against due to an exceptional violation An error due to a lapse in memory None of the above

When managing violations and human error – in terms of consequence management the most effective way is when the consequence is Positive or Negative, Immediate, Certain (P/N-IC) True False

Provide more training for emergency situations, considering possibility of violations when doing risk assessments and trying to reduce the time pressure to act quickly in novel situations would be most effective in reducing A Routine violation A Situational violation An Exceptional violation A Malicious Act of vandalism

Which of the following statements in NOT TRUE Need to have a just and fair culture Violations are part of the human condition Violations are not just about a bad attitude or personality Humans generally like to violate as it naturally gives them much pleasure to do so

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Which of the following is the best definition of Human-System Interface – (HSI) Is defined as the technology through which personnel interact with plant systems to perform their functions and tasks Is defined as the way that natural systems and human being optimally perform Is defined as the management systems which dictates the optimal way that performance can be achieved None of the above

Companies should ensure that incident investigation teams are trained on human factors to Help them correctly identify the human factor weaknesses that led to human error or component failures Ensure the right person is blamed and disciplined after an incident Critically establish to the insurance company that compensation is apportioned fairly Differentiate if it was a mechanical failure or a human motivated violation

Poorly designed _______________will make it difficult for personnel to detect changes in important parameters or to interpret the information displayed correctly. It may also frustrate the operators and inadvertently communicate a management message that accurate, timely human performance is not so important. Human-centric Design (HCD) Human-System Interfaces (HSI) Critical Task Analysis (CTA) None of the above

The four Pillars of Asset Integrity Management are Design Integrity, Technical Integrity, Operational Integrity and Human Reliability Engineering Operational Integrity, Technical Integrity, Leadership Integrity and Human Resource Integrity Technical Integrity, Engineering Integrity, Design Integrity and Human Resource Integrity Design Integrity, Technical Integrity, Operational Integrity and Human Resource/Leadership Integrity

Which of the following changes will not need typically a Management of Organisational Change (MoOC) assessment? Change in roster positions of technical personnel Changes in shift personnel or shift times Changes in holiday coverage and overtime allocations Change in the tea/coffee break and lunchtime times

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Under the Management of Change approach, the procedures must assure that the following considerations are addressed prior to any change. Which one is not true? Necessary time period for the change Impact of change on regulator relations Modifications to operating procedures The technical basis for the proposed change

The purpose of Investigations into Incidents and Accidents Determine the immediate and system related causes (root-causes) If Human error was involved, understand what must be done (from an equipment and or control perspective, and well as operating procedures) to prevent it happening again Results in an action plan to prevent similar incidents from occurring All of the above

An operator being tired, fatigued or bored operator, leading to an incident can be best described as a: Personal Influencing Factor Workplace Factor Organisational Management Factor None of the above

Which one of the following in NOT a key purpose of Alarm Systems: Alerts the operator that an important change has occurred Informs the operator of the nature of the change Guides the operator to take appropriate corrective action Provides immediate fault data to the management team

The purpose of Alarm Management Studies DOES NOT include: Minimise the number of alarms Aims to Reduce Error Ensures that a minimum number of alarms are always active All alarms are relevant and are prioritised correctly

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Which on of the following DOES NOT include ways where we can improve our learning from incidents: Promote how our standards and procedures are better than others who have had incidents Form a task force or a small working group Make one person responsible – accountable to review and share with the team View animation videos in a group instead of individually – Reflect as a group

Which on of the following DOES NOT is not a step we use when developing a procedure Prepare a Draft Validate the Procedure (and best to Walk-Down) Test it first on a Contractor before an employee Approve for Release Review and Update

A Procedure can be defined as: Specified set of actions/operations instructing the user on how to achieve the objective plan of action to implement a policy A guide toward accepted business strategies and objectives, so a general strategy on how to handle issues A list of training modules which are required to be undertaken to ensure a job gets done safely None of the above

If an organisation to make a change but fails to provide the right processes and tools this will most likely lead to: Confusion Frustration Anxiety Resistance

When readying the organisational to adopt PSM as a management system it is critical to do a few things. Which of the following IS NOT required to be communicated: What is the organizational vision for PSM? Why is PSM required for the organization and is the organization committed to full implementation and sustainment? What is the cost of the investment into the consultant who will help us implement the system? What additional benefits does it bring to the organization? Who is impacted, and how impacted are they?

Process Safety Management and Human Factors Examination

PSM and Human Factors Examination